Proper now, in 2023, Java is the third hottest programming language on the planet with greater than 9 million Java builders worldwide (Python and C occupy the highest 2 spots respectively). Java’s enduring success might be attributed to a couple key components:

• it’s a platform-independent language (as highlighted by Java’s “write as soon as, run wherever” motto)
• it follows the object-oriented programming paradigm
• its syntax is just like different well-understood languages reminiscent of C++

Within the 20+ years that Java has been round, many glorious Java frameworks have proliferated that enable programmers to effectively construct net and cellular functions, microservices, and REST APIs that run on the Java Digital Machine (JVM). On this programming tutorial, we’ll look into a number of of the preferred Java frameworks for net improvement, and checklist the important thing execs and cons of every.

Spring Framework

Virtually all of the Prime Java Framework lists give Spring the coveted #1 spot. An open-source framework particularly meant for Enterprise functions, Spring took the event world by storm by introducing the idea of dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming options. Corporations who use Spring embody giants reminiscent of eBay, Dick’s Sporting Items, and Netflix.

Spring permits builders to create loosely coupled modules whose dependencies are dealt with straight by the framework. Spring is s a reasonably intensive framework, protecting quite a lot of options from safety to configuration. Thankfully, Spring’s many options usually are not troublesome to study, due to a wealth of documentation and a particularly lively neighborhood.

The configuration, setup, construct, and deployment processes all require a number of steps – maybe too many when you’re engaged on a smaller venture. Spring Boot (a micro framework that runs on high of the Spring Framework) is an answer for this drawback, because it permits you to arrange your Spring software quicker, with a lot much less configuration. The Spring Boot framework was invented with quickness in thoughts, by significantly decreasing the quantity of configuration required for brand new initiatives.

Professionals of Spring Framework:

• massively in style and really secure framework
• versatile configuration
• free coupling (as a result of dependency injection)
• easy-to-test functions (as a result of dependency injection)
• makes use of POJOs (Plain Previous Java Objects)
• intensive documentation
• lively neighborhood

Cons of Spring Framework:

• complexity (steep studying curve)
• want to put in writing lots of boilerplate code (until you utilize Spring Boot)

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Struts Java Framework

Apache Struts is a strong open-source framework for net software improvement. Having been round over 20 years now, it’s one of many oldest Java frameworks in use right now! It follows the MVC (Mannequin-View-Controller) architectural sample and extends the Java Server Pages (JSP) API. In a standard servlet-JSP strategy, when the person submits a kind, the knowledge both goes to a servlet for processing or straight to subsequent JSP. This will turn into problematic in complicated functions because the “View” or presentation layer ought to ideally not have enterprise logic.

Struts separate the View, Controller and the Mannequin (knowledge) and gives the binding between every by way of a configuration file struts-config.xml. The controller is an ActionServlet the place you may write templates for the View and the person knowledge is maintained utilizing the ActionForm JavaBean. The Motion object is chargeable for forwarding the applying circulate. The View is maintained by a wealthy set of tag libraries.

Struts are straightforward to arrange and gives far more flexibility and extensibility over the normal MVC strategy utilizing servlets and JSP alone. Furthermore, you may combine Struts with different Java frameworks to carry out duties that aren’t constructed into the platform. As an example, you should use the Spring plugin for dependency injection or the Hibernate plugin for object-relational mapping. Struts additionally permits you to use completely different client-side applied sciences reminiscent of Jakarta Server Pages to construct the front-end of your software.

Professionals of Apache Struts:

• secure and mature framework
• espouses conference over configuration
• extensible by way of plugins
• straightforward to combine with different Java frameworks and instruments
• helps net applied sciences (REST, AJAX, JSON)

Cons of Apache Struts:

• not your best option for creating server-side elements that may render on the front-end
• no built-in safety mechanism; solely safety suggestions that it’s important to apply your self

Grails Java Framework

Grails is an open-source, Groovy-based framework that’s particularly prevalent within the sphere of e-commerce retailers. Builders have a tendency to decide on this framework as a result of it lets them give attention to the job with out having to commit lots of time on configuration. The Grails framework can be straightforward to get the dangle of and use successfully in on a regular basis work for the typical Java skilled.

Like Java, Groovy is an object-oriented language. Its syntax can be very similar to that of Java, each in model and that it compiles to JVM (Java Digital Machine) bytecode. Grails is constructed on high of Spring Boot to utilize its highly effective options like dependency injection. That, together with fashionable software program improvement rules reminiscent of conference over configuration, opinionated APIs to implement finest practices, and wise defaults all mix to make a profitable framework.

Programmers can present further performance to their functions by creating customized plug-ins. Many of those discover their option to neighborhood websites the place builders share their creations.

Professionals of Grail Framework:

• constructed on high of Spring Boot
• seamless integration with Java libraries and instruments
• conference over configuration (with wise defaults)
• asynchronous capabilities
• high-quality documentation and tons of studying supplies

Cons of Grails Framework:

• you’ll want to know Groovy to be able to write Grails apps

Remaining Ideas on Prime Java Frameworks

On this tutorial, we explored among the high Java frameworks, together with Spring, Struts, and Grails. We can be updating this information within the coming weeks and months, so be sure you test again right here on this tutorial typically.

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