The Sass ampersand (&) image is used to reference the mum or dad selector in a nested rule. For instance, the next targets .btn on :hover:

.btn {
  ...
  &:hover {
    background: dodgerblue;
  }
}

We will additionally place the & after a selector to reverse the nesting order:

.btn {
  ...
  .navbar & {
    background: lightsteelblue;
  }
}

This outputs a descendant selector that targets a .btn aspect inside .navbar:

.btn {
  ...
}
.navbar .btn {
  background: lightsteelblue;
}

We will take this idea a step additional with an adjoining sibling combinator.

The Sass Ampersand & the Adjoining Sibling Selector

The adjoining sibling combinator (+) is used to focus on a component’s instant sibling. As an illustration:

.heading + .intro {
  ...
}

This targets any intro class instantly following a component with the category heading. Let’s check out two helpful methods we are able to use this combinator with the & selector.

Adjoining Buttons

Let’s say now we have a button group consisting of a major and a secondary motion button. Each have the category btn.

<div class="btn-group">
  <a category="btn" href="#">Main Motion</a>
  <a category="btn" href="#">Secondary Motion</a>
</div>

The secondary motion button must be a special coloration and have a left margin to separate it from its sibling. We will use the next rule to reference btn, then goal its instant sibling with the identical class:

.btn {
  ...
  & + & {
    margin-left: 15px;
    background: firebrick;
  }
}

If two btn lessons are adjoining siblings, the second will get the firebrick background and left margin. Right here’s the CSS output:

.btn {
  ...
}
.btn + .btn {
  margin-left: 15px;
  background: firebrick;
}

See CodePen Demo

Columns

The adjoining & selector additionally helps with column structure. To create a row the place all however the first column have a left margin (or gutter), we are able to write the next:

.col {
  ...
  & + & {
    margin-left: 30px;
  }
}

The primary column will stay flush with the left facet of the web page, whereas the others get a roomy left margin.

See CodePen Demo

As we simply realized, the “double Sass ampersand” sibling selector is a useful resolution that retains us from writing additional CSS and lessons in our markup. Strategies like these are a number of the some ways Sass helps us write cleaner, extra environment friendly front-end code.

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